The Rocket Team

The Rocket Team. by Frederick I. Ordway III & Mitchell R. Sharpe

ISBN 9781-894959-82-7

Index

A1 rocket, 27

A2 rocket, 27, 33

A3 rocket, 27, 29-30, 33, 291

A5 rocket, 29-30, 33, 37, 49

A6 rocket, 48-49

A7 rocket, 49

A8 rocket, 49

A9 rocket, 49, 225

A10 rocket, 49-50, 225, 244

A11 rocket, 49

A12 rocket, 49

Abwehr, 74, 284

Ackerman, E. G., 111

Adam project, 262

ADD 207-210, 218, 233, 242-243, 269-270

Advanced Research Project Agency (ARPA), 266

Agena B, rocket, 270

Agnew, Spiro T., 278

Air Defence Division (ADD), British, 207

Akademgorodok, 31

Albert, project, 247

Albring, Werner, 233, 236

Aldrin, Edwin, 275

Ambler, Air Commodore G. H., 151

American Interplanetary (later Rocket) Society, 71

Anders, William, 275

Angele, Wilhelm, 255, 277

Anklam, 28, 45

Antwerp 44, 130-131, 138, 140-141, 143, 153, 155, 162-163, 166-168, 170, 175-176, 197, 199, 271

Apollo spacecraft, 273-275, 277-279, 288, 292

Applications Technology Satellite (ATS), 279

Arciszewski Tomasz, 103, 106

Ardenne, Prof. Manfred von, 222

Armia Krajowa (AK: Polish Home Army 97

Armstrong, Neil, 269, 275

Army Ballistic Missile Agency (ABMA), 263

Army Ordnance Missile Command (AOMC), 269

Army Ordnance Technical Division, 196

Arnhem, 139-140

Arnold, Dr. (Mittlewerk), 58

Arnold, General H. H. 120, 304

Astronautics, 6, 11, 49, 71

Atlas, rocket, 230, 243, 259, 262, 270

Attaya, Capt. Henry E., 257

Attlee, Clement, 195

Axster, Herbert, 7, 17-19, 65, 133, 141, 187, 205

Axthelm, Gen. Walter von, 45

Baade, Brunolf, 237

Babington, Smith, Constance, 7, 77-79, 82, 115

Backfire, operation, 205, 207-216, 231, 245

Bain, Col. James G., 219

Balchen, Col. Bernt, 109

Ball, Eberhard, 235, 255, 260

Balloons (anti-aircraft), 147-148, 150, 152-155

Banger, Joan, 7, 140

Bannasch, Hannelore, 57, 59, 188

Barclay, Brig.-Gen. John, 269

Barnes, Maj.-Gen. Gladeon M., 202, 218-219, 239-240, 242

Basse, Lt.-Col., 134

Baumpach, Gen. Werner, 128

Bechtle, Otto, 251

Beck A., 34

Beck, Col.-Gen. 284

Beck, Col.-Gen. Ludwig, 281

Becker, Col. Karl, 23

Beek, Gerd de, 241, 256, 258

Belhamelin, (Normandy), 94

Berlin-Falckensee 54

Bernard, Joan C. C., 207

Bersch, Otto Karl, 55, 58

Beyer, Anton, 67

Big Ben Sub-Committee, 109-110, 116-118, 121, 159-160

Birkenhead, F. W. F. Smith, 2nd Earl of, 76

Birney, Hoffman H., 242

Bissell, Maj.-Gen. Clayton, 202

Blass, Josef, 233

Blizna, see Heidelager Blue Streak rocket, 285

Blumentritt, Gen. Günther, 142, 176

Bodyline, early British code name for A4 (V2), 80, 110, 115

Böhm, Josef, 277

Bois Carré, (Yvrench), 82

Bolster, Rear Adm. Calvin, 216

Bor-Komorowski, Tadeusz, 98

Borkum island (Baltic), 27

Borman, Frank, 275

Bornemann, Manfred, 54

Börner (of Mittelwerk), 59

Boryna see Rzadzki, J. 97

Bottomley, Air Marshal Norman H., 83

Boyes, Capt. (later Rear Adm.) Hector, 73

Bradley, Gen. Omar N., 207

Bradspies, Bob, 255

Brandner, Ferdinand, 228

Brauchitsch, Field Marshal Walther von, 35, 131, 213

Braun, Magnus von, surrender to US troops, 13-15, 17, 19, 20-21, 194; at Peenemünde, 42; arrested by Gestapo, 42; and Mittelwerk production, 62; and bombing of Peenemünde, 85; in USA, 240-242, 259

Braun, Sigismund von, 16

Braun, Wernher von, surrender to US troops, 13-19, 180-194; early rocket interests, 20, 25, 71-72; early career, 24-27; early experimental work, 26-29; tests rocket propelled planes, 29; meets Hitler, 30, 40, 132; technical director at Peenemünde, 32, 34, 37, 38; and university aid, 34; German honours, 39, 41, 43; Himmler courts, 41-42; arrested by Gestapo, 43-44; released, 43-44; on AA rocket, 45; under Storch reorganization, 47; and advanced rocket design, 47-50; and V-2 production, 51, 53, 177; and Schlier explosion, 68; and bombing of Peenemünde, 85-88; and V-2 in Sweden, 108; and 1945 evacuation from Peenemünde, 180-190; and Kammler, 188-189; interrogated by Americans, 192-194; blacklisted, 196; and US Special Mission V-2, 198-199; Americans claim, 200-201; US contract, 203-204, 215, 216; Russians seek, 205-206; interrogated by British, 206; in USA, 217-218, 240-247; and US rocket design, 229, 234; marriage and family, 250; on space flight, 250-251; lectures, 251, 269; in Huntsville, 252-253 music, 257; private life, 257; and US satellite, 259-261, 265-266, 268; US honours, 269, 279; rumours of commercial interests, 270-271; and NASA, 270, 278-280; film on, 270; and Kennedy, 273;and Saturn testing, 274-275; and US protégés, 275; and post-Apollo plans, 278; retirement, 279-280; illness and death, 280

Bredt, Irene, 169, 228, 236

Brock, Col. B. H., 159

Bromley, Maj. William, 197, 201

Brucker, Wilbur, 265, 267

Brussels, 124, 130, 137, 153, 155, 166, 173, 207

Bucher (of AEG), 55

Buchhold Prof. Theodor, 34, 258-259

Bühle, Gen. Walter, 40, 42, 136

Bull, Gen. Harold Roe, 204

Bullard, Prof. E. C., 164

Bumper, missiles, 245, 247

Burden, Squadron Leader, 108, 124

Burder, Flt.-Lt. C. H., 111

Burose, Walter, 254, 277

Byrnes, James F., 195

C2 rocket see Wasserfall

Cameron, Maj.-Gen. Alexander M., 207-208, 212, 214-216

Canaris, Adm. Wilhelm, 74, 284

Carlson, Lt.-Col., 193

Carter, Hodding, 254

Centaur, rocket, 270

Central Interpretation Unit, Medmenham, 77, 82, 161

Cerny, Otto, 7, 130

Chamberlain, Lt.-Gen. Stephen J., 249

Chciuk, Tadeusz, 106

Chemisch-Technische Reichsanstalt, 21, 73

Chernikova, Katya, 231

Chertok, Major, 222

Cherwell, F. A. Lindemann, Viscount, 76, 79-81, 83, 93, 177

Chmielewski, Capt. Jerzy ("Rafel"), 99, 102-104, 106-107, 110-111

Churchill, Winston S., 75-76, 82, 103, 116, 119-120, 176-177

Clark, Capt., 249

Clews, C. J. B., 159

Clitterhouse, operation, 214, 216

Cobra, project, 243

Coburn, Peter, 275, 277

Cockburn, Peter, 74

Cole, Hugh M., 175

Collier, Basil, 173, 254

Collin, Lt.-Col. G. J., 193

Collins, Michael, 275

Combined Intelligence Operations Subcommittee (CIOS), 193

Congreve, Sir William, 21

Coningham, Air Marshal Sir Arthur, 166

Cook Lt.-Col. Truman F., 265, 267

Cook, William J. R., 81

Cornelius, (of Dörnten), 186

Crantz, Carl, 23

Cripps, Sir Stafford, 82

Crossbow operation (& Committee), 92-95, 102, 115-116, 119, 123-124, 160, 164-165

Crow, Sir Alwyn D., 8, 75-76, 81, 116, 205-207

Culliford, Flt.-Lt. Stanley George, 7, 104-106, 110-111

Dahm, Werner, 184

Dahm, Werner, 46

Dannenberg, Konrad, 6, 89, 276

Debus, Kurt, 7, 85, 183, 210, 266-267

Degenkolb, Gerhard, 51-57, 59, 65, 68

Delderfield, Flt. Lt. R. F., 155

Delmer, Sefton, 285-286

Dembinski, Marian, 103-104

Detko, George, 256

Diebner, Kurt, 50

Diesel-FT Rak, III, 23

Diver, British code name for Fi103 (V-1) flying bomb, 94, 116, 148-151, 153

Dixon, Thomas F., 109-110

Dobrick, Herbert, 243

Dohm, Friedrich, 7, 87-88, 243

Dönitz, Grand-Admiral Karl, 16, 44

Dornberger, Frau Bunny, 39

Dornberger, Maj.-Gen. Walter, rescues von Braun, 16-17, 189; surrender to US troops, 14-25; early rocket research, 22-24, 26-30; injured, 27; meets Hitler, 29, 40, 132; Peenemünde command, 32-35, 37, 46, 134; and V-2 guidance system, 38; and early V-2 launchings, 39-40; and V-2 programme, 40-41, 132-133; and von Braun’s arrest, 42-44; and Petersen, 44-45; and AA rocket project, 46; leaves Peenemünde, 47; AA responsibilities, 48; bans advanced rocket design, 48; on Degenkolb, 51; and V-2 production, 51, 52-54; and Mittelwerk, 55-56; Kammler and, 64-66; and bombing of Peenemünde, 85-87, 90; on Heidelager testing, 96; on Heidekraut targets, 111; and military use of V-2, 132-133; and mobile launching, 133; and field operations of V-2, 133-137, 146; promoted, 134; command change, 134, 136-137, 141, 179; and supply and storage, 142; on long-range missiles, 170; and V-2 effectiveness, 172, 177, 179; and evacuation of Peenemünde, 180, 181; heads Working Staff, 180, 190; interrogated by Americans, 192-194, 199; documents recovered by Americans, 201-202, 219; interrogated by British, 206-207, 212-213; and Operation Backfire, 209-210, 211, 212; detained by British, 212; in USA, 259

Dörnten, (mine), 186, 200-201, 209, 219

Dorsch (of Todt Organization), 180

Dreger, Alvin, 255

DuBridge, Lee A., 278

Durant, Frederick C. III, 260

Durkin, Flt. Lt. T. J., 111

Easton, Air Commodore J. A., 122

Edse, Rudolf, 218

Ehricke, Lt. Krafft, 6-7, 35, 50, 250, 259

Eisenhardt Otto, 255

Eisenhower, Gen. Dwight D., 94, 140, 152, 176; and Peenemünde team, 199-202; and Backfire operation, 209; and US V2 launchings 218; and Atlas rocket, 259; and US satellite programme, 261, 266-268

Ellis, Clarence, 255

Ellis, Prof. Charles D., 116

Elmi, (engineer), 205

Engel, Rolf, 7, 25

Engelbrunner, Gen. d’Aubigny von, 24

Enzian, project, 47, 64

Esnault-Pelterie, Robert, 262

Essame, Maj. G., 116

Explorer 1, 265-267, 271, 277

Explorer 8, 265

F1 rocket engine, 270, 272

Faget, Max, 272

Falcon, Major (later Lt.-Col.) Norman L., 7, 78, 82, 161

Falkenmeyer, Karl, 236

Faulstich, Dr., 238

Ferrell, George, 255

Fi103 (FZG 76) see V-1 missile 44, 53, 59, 64, 92, 116, 124, 131, 285

Fichtner, Hans, 255

Field Intelligence Agency, Technical (FIAT), 199

Fieseler, Gerhard, 44, 105

Figge, Paul, 7, 51-52, 54, 57-58, 62, 65, 241-242

Finzel, Alfred, 7, 247

Fischer, Prof. Hans, 14

Flak E Flugabwehrkanonenentwicklung, 47

Flakersuchstelle (FVS), 36

Fleischer, Karl Otto, 186, 198-201

Fleming, William, 272

Fletcher, James C., 279

Fliet, C. van, 140

Floyd, Flt. Officer D., 111

Ford, Gerald R., 280

Ford, Maj.-Gen. Elbert H., 257

Förschner, Maj. Otto, 55-56, 58, 63

Fort Bliss, (El Paso, Texas), 8, 88, 219, 221, 239-242, 244-245, 248-250, 253, 258-259

Frank, F. C., 8, 107, 275

Frankel, Prof., 233

Fraser, Arthur, 256

Frau im Mond, (film), 20-21

Freitag, Capt. Robert, 264

Friedland, 45, 183

Friedrich, Hans R., 259

Friedrichshafen, 31, 51, 54, 66, 92

Fritsch, Maj.-Gen. Werner von, 28

Froelich, Jack E., 266

Fromm, Col.-Gen. Friedrich, 38, 44, 66, 133

Fuhrmann, Herbert, 255

Gagarin, Yuri, 271

Gaidukov, Gen., 215, 223-226

Galland, Maj.-Gen. Adolf, 92

Gardienenstangenraketen, 22

Garlinski, Josef, 98, 100-101, 103, 105, 277

Gavin, Lt.-Gen. James, 265

Gedymin, Capt. Wiodzimierz, 105

Geiger, Prof. Johannes, 35

Geissler, Ernst, 183, 223, 241

Gengelbach, Werner, 7, 69-70, 85, 180, 190-191

Genthe, (purchasing officer, Peenemünde), 32

German Long Range Bombardment Commission, 11

Gesellschaft, für Raketenforschung (Hanover), 22

Gesellschaft, für Weltraumforschung (Breslau), 22

Gesman, George, 254

Gill, Air Vice Marshal W. C. C., 154-155

Ginsburg, (electrical engineer), 231

Glennan, T. Keith, 271, 315

Glushko, Col. Valentin P., 214, 224, 228, 233, 238, 289

Glyth, Maj. V. L. U., 285

Goddard, Robert H., 30, 71, 109, 239, 262, 264, 290

Goebbels, Josef, 52, 82, 176, 286

Goerdeler, Carl, 284

Gollin, Capt. G. J., 7, 111-113

Golovin, Nicholas, 273

Gonor, Gen. Leo, 227, 233, 235

Göring, Hermann, 30, 54, 75, 180, 218, 220

Gorodomlya, (Russia), 226-231, 233-234, 236-237

Goslar, 186

Gothert, Bernard H., 220

Grau, Dieter, 7, 70

Green, Charles F., 182, 192, 231, 246, 251, 253, 261, 279

Greifswalder, ("Oie") island, 33, 79, 89, 285

Gross, Lt. George, 202, 275

Grosskowski, Prof. Janusz, 101

Groth, Wilhelm, 50

Gröttrup, Helmut, 42-43, 49, 88, 222-238, 245

Gröttrup, Irmgard, 222, 225-227, 231-232, 234, 236, 238

Gröttrup, Peter, 231, 235

Gröttrup, Ulli, 231, 235

Grüne, Hans, 7, 241, 258, 266

Grünow, Heinrich, 25, 27

Gubbins, Maj.-Gen. Sir Colin, 102

Gunn, J. E., 256

Hackett, Vincent, 203-204

Hagerty, James, 268

Hamill, Maj. James P., 8, 197-198, 215, 218-220, 244-245, 247-250

Hamshaw, Thomas, Wing Commander Hugh, 78, 82

Harbou, Thea von, 20

Harnish, Karl, 236

Harris, Air Chief Marshal Sir Arthur, 82, 84, 91

Harris, Gordon, 265

Hart, David, 255

Hart, Pastor George, 252

Harteck, Paul, 50

Hartmann, Maj.-Gen., 39

Haus Ingeburg, 13, 15-17, 189, 192

Häussermann, Walter, 6, 266

Hay, William, 253, 256

Heeres Waffenamt, 32, 40

Heersversuchsstelle Peenemünde, (HVP), 31

Heidekraut, (Tucheler Heide), 64, 111

Heidelager, (Blizna, Poland), 64, 66, 96-99, 107, 111, 114, 118, 134-135

Heigel, Maj., 35

Heimburg, Karl, 6, 34, 67-69, 211, 252, 254, 258, 274, 277

Heinemann, Gen. Erich, 9-10, 96, 124-129, 132, 134-137, 141

Heinisch, Kurt, 21

Heisenberg, Prof. Werner, 50

Helfers, Lt.-Col. M. C., 125, 136, 171

Hellebrand, Bernd, 255

Heller, Gerhard, 7, 15, 240, 244, 255, 277

Heller, Rainer, 255

Hermann, Rudolf, 6-7, 14, 20, 29, 32, 39, 49, 67-68, 87-88, 90-91, 99, 184, 189

Hermes, project and rockets, 192-193, 196, 201, 220, 242-243, 257, 259

Hettlage, Prof. Karl Maria, 54-55, 69

Hill, Air Marshal Sir Roderic, 61, 68, 116, 147-149, 151-153, 155-157, 165-167, 186, 254, 277, 290, 292

Himmler, Heinrich, courts von Braun, 41-43; and von Braun’s arrest, 41-43; seeks control of rocket programme, 52-53, 64-66; and Kammler, 65-66, 138, 143; and Brauchitsch, 132; and Hitler assassination attempt, 138; and rocket troops, 143; and Peenemünde evacuation, 181-182

Hitler, Adolf, death, 13-14, 16-17; visits Kummersdorf, 29; and V-2 programme, 31, 38-41, 51-55, 132-133, 137; and arrest of von Braun, 43; and labour difficulties, 51-54; and Mittelwerk production, 62; and Kammler, 66; and liquid oxygen production, 66; and secret weapons, 71-75, 124-125, 128, 170, 175-177, 284-286; Canaris and, 71-75; and V-1targets, 128; assassination attempt on, 137; on V-2 targets, 140-141; scorched earth policy, 184;resistance to, 284-286

Hobbing, Lt. Enno, 221

Hoch, Johannes, 13, 198, 215, 230, 233, 236-237

Hochmuth, Lt. M. S., 8, 198, 200, 205, 215, 222, 243, 245

Hohmann, Lt.-Col., 132, 134, 138, 141

Höhne, Heinz, 66

Hölker, Rudolf, 189

Holmes, Col. Joel G., 200

Hölzer, Helmut, 7, 38, 184, 211

Homer, Maj.-Gen. John L., 240-241, 261

Hoover, Commander George W., 260

Hoover, J. Edgar, 249

Horstig, Col. Ritter von, 24, 28

Hosenthien, Hans, 7, 88

Houbolt, John C., 272-273

Hubert, (of Mittelwerk), 55, 86

Hudson, Col. Carroll D., 257

Huntsville, Alabama, 8, 11, 87-88, 90, 217, 251-256, 258-262, 264, 266-271, 274-279, 290

Hüter, Prof. Ernst, 34

Hüter, Hans, 6-7, 48, 277

Hüter, Uwe, 257

Huzel, Dieter, 8, 16-17, 19, 89-91, 181-182, 184-187, 198-199, 209-210, 219, 248

Hydra, operation, 85

Ilfeld, 57-58, 61

Institut Rabe, 223, 225, 238

Iranek-Osmecki, Col. Kazimierz, 7, 97-99, 101, 103-104

Irving, David, 7, 81, 281

Isayev, Aleksei M., 238

Isbell, Billy, 255

Ismay, Capt. W. N., 209

Ismay, Gen. Sir Hastings, 75, 81

Jaffke, Heinz, 235

Jannusch, Lt.-Col., 135

Jatos, (Jet-assisted take-offs), 21, 32

Jodl, Col.-Gen. Alfred, 41-42, 175

John, Lt.-Gen. Richard, 32

Jones, Prof. R. V., on V weapons, 61, 73-77, 79-81, 85; on Polish intelligence, 98; on Heidelager, 107; on Polish and Swedish recoveries, 110-111; and Allied mission to Heidelager, 113-116; on launch sites, 115; and Big Ben subcommittee, 116; on size of V-2 warhead, 119, 121; and anti-V-2 defences, 164; on economics of V-2 campaign, 175; on Ultra, 285

Journal of the British Interplanetary Society, 71, 289

Jungert, Wilhelm, 217

Juno, rocket series, 259, 262, 264-267, 270-271, 277

Jupiter, missile series, 27, 235, 259, 262-266, 268

Kaiser, Hans K., 22, 195

Kaltenbrunner, Gen. Hans, 43

Kame, Ingeborg, 89

Kammler, Obergruppenführer Hans, threats to Peenemünde scientists, 15-16, 180-181, 187-188; and labor programme, 53-55; and Mittelwerk, 55; ambitions and character, 64-66, 136, 138, 140; death, 65; and Lehesten plant, 69; and V-1 offensive, 130; commands V-2 operations, 136-143, 157, 172; appointed Special Commissioner, 180, 229; and von Braun, 187; interrogated by Americans, 199; and Nuremberg trial, 213

Kapustin Yar, 230-232

Kármán, Theodore von, 169, 216

Karsch, Herbert, 242

Kaschig, Erich, 7, 19, 245

Kavanau, Laurence, 273

Kegelduse rocket, 21

Keitel, Field Marshal Wilhelm, 40, 43, 125

Keller, K. T., 257-258

Kendall, Wing Commander Douglas, 7, 77-78, 82, 94, 115

Kennedy, John F., 245, 271-275, 278

Kenny, Flt.-Lt. André, 78-79, 82

Kerr, Senator Robert, 271

Kersten, (later Schlidt), Dorette, 87, 89, 180, 187

Kesselring, Maj.-Gen. Albert, 29, 142

Kettler, Kurt, 7, 55-56, 58, 63

Khrunichev, M. V. 228

Kilmarx, Robert A., 227

Kirschstein, Dr., 211

Klein, Brig.-Gen. Julius, 250

Kleist-Schmenzin, Maj. Ewald von, 284

Klippel, Alfred, 230

Knacke, T. W., 221

Knerr, Maj.-Gen. Hugh J., 196, 199

Kochel, (Bavaria), 45, 91, 184

Kocjan, Antoni, 98-99, 101-102

Kohn, (master mechanic), 68

Kommission für Fernschiessen, (Long Range Bombardment Commission), 44

Konev, Gen. I. S., 195

König, Capt., 36, 66

Kooy, J. M. J., 165

Korolev, Col. Sergei P., 215, 224-226, 232-235, 238, 288

Kostikov, A. G., 228

Krupp, Alfred, 23,208-209

Küchen, Lt. Hartmut, 35, 37

Kühle, Capt. Dr., 57

Kummer, Maj., 188

Kummersdorf, 23-30, 32, 35-36, 38, 48, 50, 72, 120, 279

Kunze, Heinz, 55, 59

Kurilo, 231

Kürs, Werner, 255-256

Kurzweg, Hermann, 88

Kutzevalov, Lt.-Gen. T. F., 228

Kuznetsov, Gen., 223

Lamplugh, Maj.-Gen. S., 164

Landshut, Peenemünder dependants’ camp in Bavaria, 204, 206, 221, 247, 249-250, 254

Lang, Alois, 187-188

Lang, Daniel, 245

Lang, Fritz, 20

Langer, Lt., 191

Lasby, Clarence G., 195

Leeb, Gen. Emil, 32, 56, 63

Lee-Thompson, J., 270

Legut, Capt. Józef, 101

Lehesten, (Thuringia), 66, 68-69, 184, 214, 223-224, 231

Leigh-Mallory, Air Chief Marshal Sir Trafford, 147-148, 166

Lemnitzer, Gen. Lyman L., 265

Leningrad, 170, 237

Lennard-Jones, Prof. J. E., 116

Lewis, Richard S., 216

Ley, Robert, 89

Ley, Willy, 8, 20, 22, 25, 71-72

Liebhafsky, Herman A., 192

Liège, (Belgium), 66, 69, 130, 140-141, 170, 175-176

Lindenberg, Hans, 17, 19, 60, 221

Lindenmayr, Hans, 36, 183

Lindner, Kurt, 188

Lippisch, Alexander, 221

Lloyd, Maj. C. W., 212

Lockhart, Brig. L. K., 208

Loki, rocket, 243, 260

Long Range Bombardment Commission

see Kommission für Fernschiessen 111

Love, Quincy, 171, 255

Lovell, James, 275

Lovett, Robert A., 196

Löw, Albert, 22

Lubbock, Isaac, 81, 92, 116, 118, 123

Lührsen, Hannes, 7, 203, 253, 258

Lundquist, Charles A. & Mrs., 256

Mäder, Dr., 32

Magnus, Kurt, 230

Malenkov, G. M., 228

Man Very High project, 266

Manned Spacecraft Center, (later Johnson Space Center), 272

Marienthal, 45, 69

Marshall Space Flight Center, Huntsville, 6, 8, 87, 256-257, 269, 278, 290

Marshall, Gen. George C., 6, 246, 256, 270, 278

Massey, Capt. L. H., 111

Masterman, Capt. Standish, 111

Masterman, Sir John, 286-287

Mathes, Franz, 233

Maus, Hans, 88, 257

McClelland, Brig.-Gen. H. M., 120

McClintic, Lt. Col. S., 153

McDonald, Brig.-Gen. George C., 153

McElroy, Neil, 265

McNamara, Robert S., 273

Mechtly, Eugene, 255-256

Medaris, Brig.-Gen. John B

(later Maj. Gen)., 263, 265-267, 269-270

Medmenham see Central Interpretation Unit 7, 77-80, 82-83, 94-95, 107, 115, 161

Meier, Otto, 230

Meisenheimer, Lt. John L., 267

Mercury spacecraft, 271

Merrill, Lt. Commander Grayson P., 216

Merriman, Lt. Col. A. D., 7, 111

Merthin, Maj., 141

Merton, Sir Thomas, 116

Messerschmitt Me 163 aircraft, 54, 79, 187

Metz, Gen. Richard, 135-138, 141, 171

Meyer, Capt. M. W. S., 210

Meyers, Dr., 217

Micinski, Czeslaw, 106-107

Mikos, Boleslaw, 99

Mikoyan, A. L, 228

Milch, Field Marshal Erhard, 38, 44-45, 53, 92

Millinger, Heinz, 187

Mimoyecques, 64, 80, 111, 119, 143

Mirak rockets, 21, 24, 71-72

Mittelbau, 54, 182, 184,

Mittelwerk project, 54-66; labor, 57-59, 61-62; V-2 production, 59-61, 62-63, 70, 281; plant, 60-61; supplies, 62:Kammler and, 64; and US Special Mission V-2, 196; Russians and, 198, 222-223

Möller, (engineer), 236

Montgomery, Field Marshal Sir Bernard Law, 8, 130, 139-140, 207, 290

Morrison, Herbert, 119

Moser, Lt. Col., 134

Moser, Robert, 267

Motyl (Poland) see Wildhorn III operation

Mrazek, William, 7, 36, 189, 276-277

MSFC see Marshall Space Flight Center

Mueller, George E., 274

Muenz, Willie, 37

Muller, Dr., 217

Müller, Gen. Heinrich, 43

Munnich, Karl, 230

Munro, A., 160

Murphree, E. V., 264

Musialek-Lowicki, Col. S. ("Miroslaw"), 103-104

MX 774 rocket, 243

Nadeau, Capt. Pershing J., 142

Närr, Anton, 235

National Aeronautics & Space Administration (NASA), 6, 8, 27, 87-88, 268-276, 278, 279, 288, 290,292,

National Space Institute, 279-280

Natter project, 64

Naval Technical Mission in Europe, 192

Nebel, Rudolf, 20-22, 24-25, 29, 72

Nebelung (of Dörnten), 186, 199-200

Neu (production engineer), 54

Neubert, Erich ("Maxi"), 6, 217, 219

Neuhoffer, Kurt, 243

Newill, Prof. D. M., 116

Niedersachswerfen, 54-55, 57, 61-62, 91, 101, 170, 186, 196-198, 223; see also Mittelwerk

Niepokój, Zygmunt ("Norwid"), 100

Nike Hercules rocket, 243

Nimwegen, Erich, 181-182, 186-187

Nixon, Richard M., 278-279

Nöggerath, Wolfgang, 218

Nordhausen, V-2 production at, 29, 45, 50, 62, 64, 186-187; occupied by Russians, 197, 207, 215, 223; and US Special Mission V-2, 197-201; fuel supplies for Cuxhaven 211-212;

Nova booster, 268

Nova, booster, 272-273

Nye, Lt.-Gen. A. E., 75

O’Hollaren, Bill, 18-19

O’Mara, Lt.-Col. John A., 111

Oak Ridge, Tennessee, 31

Oberammergau, 187-189, 191-192, 194

Oberjoch, 13, 15-17

Oberth, Hermann, 6-7, 20-22, 29, 39, 49, 67-68, 72, 87, 262-264, 272

Opel, Fritz von, 20

Orbiter project, 261-262

Oskima, Hiroski, 285

Oslo report, 73-74, 284

Overcast operation see Paperclip operation 29, 203, 206

Paine, Thomas O., 278-279

Palaoro, Hans, 7, 203, 211, 240

Paludin, Charles "Ted", 255

Paperclip, (formerly Overcast) operation, 8, 187, 195, 206, 247-249, 251

Paris, 8, 30, 124-125, 138-141, 196, 199-201, 203, 217, 221

Parry, Albert E., 222

Patterson, Robert B., 202

Paul, Hans, 276

Pauley, Edwin, 195

Paulus, Field Marshal Friedrich von, 39

Payne, Bob, 198

Peek, Flt.-Sgt. E. P. H., 79

Peenemünde, taken by Russians, 19, 50-54, 182-186; as rocket research site, 29-32, 35-36, 130, 175; organization, 32-33; and university help, 35-36; recruiting for, 36- 38; technical limitations, 38-39; bombed by RAF, 45-46, 52, 54, 81, 84-93, 94-95, 96-97, 120, 134; reorganized under Storch, 47; V-2 production at, 51-52; manpower, 52; British intelligence and aerial reconnaissance of, 73-75, 77-79, 81-82, 115-116, 117-119, 123, 278; training command, 133, 134; evacuation from, 182-184

Pegasus satellite, 273

Peiting, 19

Pendray, G. Edward, 8, 71

Penguin, Operation, 136-137

Perren, W. G. A., 122

Petersen, Prof. Waldemar, 44, 180

Pflanze, (master mechanic), 68

Pickering, William H., 8, 216, 265-268

Pile, Gen. Sir Frederick, 7, 116, 147-154, 164

Pioneer, 4 space probe, 265, 277

Pobedonostsev, Col. Yuri A., 214-215, 226, 228, 233, 235

Poland, 4, 6-7, 30, 64, 66, 69, 74, 96-99, 101-105, 107, 109-111, 113-114, 121, 125, 134, 160, 187, 285; see also Heidelager

Polaris, missile, 216

Poletz, von, 199

Poppel, Theodor, 217

Portal, Air Chief Marshal Sir Charles, 83

Porter, Richard W., 192-194, 196, 201-203 216, 220

Pose, Prof. H., 14, 50, 66, 91, 123, 208, 229, 250

Post, Col. Kenneth G., 7, 80, 116

Prufstand, XII, 48, 50, 244

Pryor, Lt.-Col. R. M., 116

Püllenberg, Albert, 7, 22-23

Putt, Lt.-Gen. Donald L., 251

Putze, Dr., 228

Quessel, W., 236

Quinn, Col. Horace B., 196, 200-201

Quistorp, Maria von (Frau Wernher von Braun), 250

R10, rocket, 229-230, 233, 235-237

R13, rocket, 234

R14, rocket, 234-237

R15, rocket, 236-237

Raderach, 66-67, 69, 92

Raithel, William, 259

Raketenflugplatz, Berlin, 4, 20-26, 29, 72, 120

Raketenforschungsinstitut-Dessau, 25

Rashkov, (engineer), 236

Rebitzki, Mrs. Engelhardt, 236

Rebstock, plant, 69-70

Redl-Zipf, plant, 66-69, 184, 189

Redpath, Maj. R. T. H., 210, 212

Rees, Eberhard, 6, 36, 47, 53, 92, 180, 198-199, 201, 205, 217, 272, 276

Reinemund, Tech. Sgt. John A., 220

Reitsch, Hanna, 85-86

Repulsor rocket, 22, 71

Retinger, Jósef ("Brzoza"), 103, 106

Richthofen, Maj. Wolfram von, 28-29

Rickhey, Georg Johannes, 58-60, 62-63, 68, 92, 170, 281

Riedel, Klaus, 21-22, 25-27, 32, 34, 41-43, 48

Riedel, Walter, 190, 199, 201, 244, 248

Robertson, Howard P., 199

Ronger, Dr., 226

Roosevelt, Franklin D., 120, 194-195

Rosen, Milton, 261

Rosenhead, Prof. L., 116

Rossberg, Maj., 135

Rossmann, Maj.-Gen. Edwin, 183, 199

Rostow, Walter W., 8, 121

Roth, Axel, 257

Roth, Ludwig, 32, 46, 48-49, 235, 244, 247, 257

Rother, Herr (innkeeper), 17, 19

Rowell, Capt. Robert, 82, 94, 115-116

Rowell, Maj.-Gen. S. F., 117

Rüdel, Gen. Günther, 171

Rudolph, Arthur, 6, 25-27, 32, 36, 52, 55, 57-60, 62-63

Rumschöttel, Oberstleutnant Richard, 184

Rundstedt, Field Marshal Gerd von, 128, 130, 132, 140, 142, 176, 213

Russell, Bessie, 254

Rzadzki, Józef ("Boryna"), 97

Safehaven, project, 195

Sanders, Col. Terence R B., 111-114, 116

Sandys, Duncan, 7, 76, 78-83, 85, 113, 116, 287

Sänger, Eugen, 7, 169, 228-229, 236

Satin, Alexander, 260

Saturn rockets, 229, 261, 264, 268-270, 272-276, 279

Sauckel, Fritz, 52-53

Saunders, Air Vice Marshal Robert H. W. L., 151

Saur, Karl Otto, 44, 51-52, 55, 62-63, 65

Saurma, Count Friedrich von, 277

Sawatzki, 55, 57-59

Schade, Commodore H. A., 192

Scharnowski, Heinz, 210

Schattwald, 13-14, 17

Scheuffelen, Klaus, 243

Schilling, Harmuth, 255

Schilling, Martin, 7, 33-34, 47, 68-69, 90, 222, 248, 259

Schlidt, Rudolf, 187

Schlier plant (Austria), 67-69

Schmetterling, (8-117) project, 47, 64, 182, 198, 236

Schmidt, Helmut Dr., 89

Schmidt-Lossberg, (of Rüstingkontor), 55

Schneikert, Frederick P., 8, 13-15, 17, 19

Schomburg, Maj.-Gen. August, 269-270

Schroder, Paul, 36

Schuler, Albert, 7, 19

Schuler, Max, 34

Schulze, August, 217

Schulze, Sgt. Heinrich, 183-184

Schulze, Sgt. Heinrich, 89

Schüning, Dr. (of Mittelwerk), 58

Schwidetzky, Walter, 217-218, 220

Schwön, Dr. (of Mittelwerk), 58

Scotland, Lt.-Col. Andrew P., 213

Seamans, Robert C., Jr., 273, 278

Searby, Group Capt. John, 85

Searcy, R. B. "Spec", 261

Seifert, Howard S., 216

Semmler, Rudolf, 286

Serov, Col.-Gen. Ivan A., 226, 229

Shawcross, Sir Hartley, 213

Shea, Joseph F., 272

Shedersky, Col., 215

Sheldon, Charles S., 278

Shepard, Alan B., 271, 277

Shershevsky, Alexander B., 20

Shirer, William L., 52

Shor, Lt.-Col. J. B., 111

Sieber, Werner, 277

Silnishnikov, (engineer), 236

Silverstein, Abe, 269

Simon, Capt. Neil, 82, 115

Simon, Col. Leslie E., 218, 257

Singer, S. Fred, 260

Sinozersky, Lt.-Col. K., 111

Siracourt, 80, 117, 119

Skylab, space station, 5, 87, 274-275, 277, 279

Smith, F. E., 115-116

Sokolov, Gen., 214

Solandt, Col. O. M., 116, 164

Somervell, Gen. Brehan Burke, 196

Sonderausschuss, (Special Committee) A4, 51

Spaatz, Lt.-Gen. Carl, 196

Space Task Group, 272, 278

Sparkman, Senator John, 253

Special Committee A4 see Sonderausschuss A4

Special Mission V-2, (U.S.), 196-197, 201, 207

Special Operations Executive, (SOE), 102

Special Projectile Operations Group (SPOG), formerly Air Defence Division, 210

Speer, Albert, 124; and building of Peenemünde, 32, 51; and forced labour, 36; sees first V-2 launchings, 39; and V-2 programme, 40-41, 131, 171-172, 176-177; and von Braun, 41, 44; decorates rocket men, 44-45; and long-range weapons, 44; and Dornberger’s anti-aircraft responsibilities, 47; and rocket production, 51-53, 55, 281; and labour difficulties, 52; and Mittelwerk, 55; and Niedersachswerfen working conditions, 57;and Kammler, 65; on bombing of Peenemünde, 92; on effect of V weapons, 176, 177; and V weapons, 286

Spiridonov, Col., 231, 234, 236

Spohn, Eberhard, 204

Spragins, M. B., 252

Sputnik 265

Stachowski, Mieczyslaw ("Sep"; "Macicj"), 97

Stagg, Group Capt. John, 266

Stahlknecht, Detmar, 51-53

Stalin, Josef, 195, 223, 228-229

Stalin, Maj.-Gen. Vasily L, 228

Stalingrad, 35, 39, 230-232

Stauffenberg, Lt. Col. Count Klause von, 137

Staver, Maj. Robert B., 8, 187, 196-204, 220, 222

Stegmaier, Col. Gerhard, 52, 96, 133-135

Steinhoff, Ernst, 6, 32, 36, 40, 42-43, 45, 85-86, 108, 180, 188-189, 199, 201, 204-205, 222, 244, 246-248, 297, 306, 313

Steuding, Hermann, 32, 189

Stevenson, Flt.-Lt. D. W., 77-78

Stewart, Group Capt. Peter, 78

Stewart, Homer J., 261

Stewart, Lt. Charles L., 14, 293-294

Stogner, Thomas, Jr., 256

Stokes, Flt.-Lt. H. M., 193, 209

Storch, Paul, 47, 105

Stradling, R. E., 159

Strohmayer, Manheim, 67-68

Strom, (later Turner), Virginia, 248, 250

Struszyñski, Prof. Marceli, 101

Studiengesellschaft für Raketen, 22

Stuhlinger, Ernst, 6, 35, 88, 180, 201, 253, 255, 262, 266-267, 277, 280

Swanson, Conrad, 255

Sweden, V-2 recovered from, 96-99, 101-103, 105, 107-111, 113, 121-123

Szrajer, Kazimierz, 104-106

Taifun, rocket, 47-48, 181-182, 193, 219, 236, 243

Taylor, D., 164

Taylor, Sir Geoffrey, 116

Teeter, Ben, 255

Tessmann, Bernhard, 97, 16-17, 19, 27, 48, 66, 68, 185-186, 193, 198-199, 219, 248, 276-277

Thiel, Adolf., 259

Thiel, Walter K., 30, 32, 36, 50, 92

Thom, Lt. Col. Georg, 133-134

Thomas, Gen. Georg, 172

Thomson, Gen. Georg, 76, 116, 121

Thor rocket, 259, 262, 270

Thorneycroft, Peter, 273

"Those Fools at Tegel", 22

Tiesenhausen, Georg von, 7, 11, 48, 202, 276

Tikhonravov, Mikhail K., 233

Tizard, Sir Henry, 73

Todt, Fritz, 124, 132

Toftoy, Col. Holger N (later Brig. Gen and Maj. Gen)., 6, 8, 196-197, 200-204, 219-220, 222, 240, 244-245, 247-250, 257, 259-260, 263, 268-269

Tokady, Col. Grigori A. Tokaev, 223, 228-229

Trichel, Col. Gervais, 8, 196, 201, 203, 240

Truman, Harry S., 194-195, 265

Tschinkel, Johann G., 204, 255

Tsiolkovsky, Konstantin E., 20, 262, 264, 290

Tumidajski, Col. K. ("Marcin"), 100

Turner, Lt.-Col. Harold R., 8, 239-240, 246, 248

Tyulin, Col., 231

Ufa, film company, 20, 22-23

Uhl, Edward G., 280

Ultra, 99, 123, 284-285

Umpfenbach, Joachim, 224, 233-234, 236, 238

Unge, Theodor, 23

Usedom island see Peenemünde

Usher, Capt. E. M., 111

Ustinov, D. F., 228, 232, 234, 237, 245

Utnik, Col. Marian, 102

Uytenbogaart, J. W. H., 165

V-1 missile (Fi103; FZG 76), competition with V-2, 44; production, 54, 59-60; Kammler and, 64; British intelligence and aerial photographs of, 92, 94-95, 285-287; bombing attacks on, 94-95; launch rates, 92, 149-150; operational use, 94, 107, 118, 120, 123-132, 147-152; and Polish intelligence, 97-98, 107; and Diver sub-committee, 118; air launchings, 127, 129, 150, 173; British defensive action against, 149-156, 170; flight performance, 143; casualties from, 159, 174-175, 179; effectiveness and costs, 170-176, 180; numbers used, 173, 178

V-2 rocket (A4), development of, 13, 16, 18, 30, 44; technological roots, 20; production delays, 30, 44; esting, 33; Hitler and, 36, 40-41, 51, 132; guidance system, 38; first launchings, 39-40; support systems, 42; used against Antwerp, 44; submarine use, 48; later versions, 48-50; assembly and production, 51-70; contracts and production costs, 56, 60, 62-63, 170-177, 179; operational success rates, 63-64; Kammler and, 64-66; propellants, 66-67, 92, 117-118, 210-211; and British intelligence and technical analysis, 75-77, 97-98, 102-104, 106-107, 109-123, 284-287; effects of Allied bombing on, 92-95; attacks on Britain, 94, 114, 119, 123, 136-143, 139-141, 157-168; launch platforms, 96, 114-115, 118-119, 121; and Polish intelligence, 97-101; fall and recovery in Sweden, 107-110, 115, 121, 123-124; and Big Ben sub-committee, 117-118; dimensions, 118, 121, 123; and US intelligence, 121; operational use and deployment, 130-131, 134-135, 135-143; mobile launch sites, 133, 135, 136-137; training programme, 134-136; targets, 140-142; firing rate, 143, 167; firing record, 144-146; British detection and defensive action against, 155-167; casualties from, 159, 166-167, 173-174, 79; warning systems, 161-166; per formance, 166-167; effectiveness and cost, 169-176, 179; US Special Mission to recover, 197-201, 207;British demonstration firing (Backfire), 207-210, 212-216, 230; in USA, 219, 239, 241-242, 243-244; Russians and, 223-225, 227-228, 228-234; US launchings, 244- 246; production quantities, 281-284

V-3, (Hochdruckpumpe), 64, 117, 143

V-4, 168-169

Valier, Max, 21

Van Allen, James A., 265-266,268

Vanguard rocket, 261-262, 265

Vavilov Maj. Anatoli, 184

Vershinin, Air Marshal K. A., 228

Versuchskommando Nord (VKN), 35, 88

Viebach, Fritz, 232-233, 238

Vöcklabruck, 67-68

Voronov, Marshal Nikolai N., 231

Voskresensky, L. A., 233

Voznesensky, M. A., 228

Wa Prüf, 32, 38, 47

Wac Corporal rocket, 247

Wachtel, Col., 7, 124, 128-130

Waciorski, Stefan ("Funio"), 102

Waffenamt Prüfwesen, 32, 40

Wagner, Prof. Carl, 34, 242, 248

Wagner, Prof. Herbert, 192, 194

Walmsley, Robert, 286

Walter, Col. Eugen, 126, 133

Walther, Erich, 92

Walther, Prof. Alwin, 34-35

Wasserfall rocket project, 15, 45-48, 50, 64, 92, 107, 163, 176-177, 181-183, 189-190, 198, 200, 219, 236, 257-258

Watson-Watt, Sir Robert 116, 122, 160, 164

Watten, (France), 80-82, 117, 119-120, 132-133, 137, 143

Webb, James E., 271, 273, 276

Weeks, Lt.-Gen. Sir Ronald, 204

Wehling (of Wifo), 55

Wei Ching Lin, 265

Weidner, Hermann, 6, 68, 90, 189-190, 276

Weimar, (Buchenwald), 20, 23, 201

Weise, Col.-Gen. Hubert, 85

Westphal, Gen. Siegfried, 142

Wheeler, W. H., 116

Whipple, Fred L., 260

White Sands, New Mexico8, 196, 215, 219, 239-240, 242-247, 258, 274

Wiener-Neustadt, (Austria), 51, 54, 57, 92

Wiesemann, later Wiesman, Walter, 36, 190, 241

Wiesner, Jerome B., 273

Wifo, (Wirtschaftliche Forschungsgesellschaft), 54-56

Wildhorn III, operation ("Most III"), 102-105, 111

Wilkinson, Flt.-Lt. G., 111

Wilkinson, Squadron Leader, 109

Wilson, Charles E., 257, 261-263, 268-269

Wilson, Col. W. I, 208

Winkler, Johannes, 21-22, 25

Winterbotham, Group Capt. Frederick W., 285

Wisniewski, Col. Michal, 99

Witzell, Admiral Karl, 38

Wizernes, (France), 80, 117, 119, 133, 137, 143

Wohlman, Prof. Walter, 34

Wolff, Waldemar, 233

Wolkowinski, Stanislaw ("Lubicz"), 103-104

Wormser, Eric M., 218-219, 244

Wright, T. P., 63

X-4 (8-344) project, 64

Yakolev, A. S., 228

Yates, Maj.-Gen. Donald N., 266-267

Young, David, 260

Zand, Lt.-Col. Steven J., 111

Zanker, (of Mittelwerk), 55

Zanssen, Col. Leo, 7, 32, 40, 87, 184

Zanssen, Frau Leo, 87

Zanssen, Gerhard, 87

Zawadzki, Josef, 101

Zeiler, Albert, 7, 39, 96-97

Zempin, 124, 126

Zentralwerke, 223-229, 231, 233, 238, 248

Zhukov, Marshal Georgi K., 202

Zigzag (agent), 286

Zimmermann (engineer), 214

Zinnowitz, 31-32, 35, 42, 89, 180, 183

Zippelius, Lt. Col. Wilhelm, 7, 138-139, 141, 210, 212

Zobel, Theodor, 218

Zoike, Helmut and Fran, 90, 255

Zwicky, Fritz, 184, 193